中美貿易冷火秌煙，中巴貿易熱火朝天-------巴西取代美國成為

中國最大農產品供應國。
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Key Brazil Port Bustles as China Poised to Shift Away From US
Bloomberg
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April 8, 2025
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By Peter Millard and Dayanne Sousa
Apr 8, 2025 (Bloomberg) –Donald Trump’s trade war may have crushed global commodity prices, but it’s good news for one of Brazil’s largest ports, which is seeing an uptick in export volumes.
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Porto do Acu in Rio de Janeiro state, the country’s No. 1 oil export port, was already investing in extra capacity to help resolve trading bottlenecks in agriculture and minerals. Tariff-induced distortions in global trade are now providing an additional boost, it says.
“When the threats started, demand started to rise,” João Braz, the port’s logistics director, said in an interview. “We’re in a really good position here.”
The gains highlight how quickly other nations can seize opportunities as the US and China become embroiled in a confrontation over trade. China last week said it planned to respond to Trump’s 34% tariff on its goods with an equal duty. Such a measure could give Brazilian exporters a unique advantage to steal market share.
Brazil is China’s largest trading parter and vies with the US for supremacy in global agricultural export markets. The South American country is also the region’s biggest oil producer, and one of the world’s largest exporters of iron ore, which is used to make steel.
The Trump administration said in February it planned to impose a 25% tariff on imports into the US of steel and aluminum. At that point Porto do Acu saw a surge in demand for pig iron, a raw material used by US steelmakers, according to Braz. Porto do Acu’s pig iron exports in the first quarter were 50% higher than for all of 2024, he said.
Brazil is particularly well placed to steal a march on the US in the soybean market. Brazil is the largest grower of the crop, and Agroconsult, an independent consultancy, expects domestic production to reach a record 171.3 million tons this year on favorable weather and an expansion of planted areas.
New data suggest shipments in other categories are gaining from global events. Brazilian exports of fresh and processed poultry from reached 476,000 tons in March, industry group ABPA said Monday, up 19% from a year earlier. Poultry shipments to China gained by the same amount while beef exports rose 20%.
However, Brazilian farmers are consistently growing more soybeans than the nation’s railways and ports can cope with. “There’s a big traffic jam on both ends,” Porto do Acu’s Chief Executive Officer Eugenio Figueiredo said in an interview.
Porto do Acu handles agricultural exports at a multipurpose terminal known at T-Mult and plans to double annual capacity there to 5 million tons in coming years. The port is dredging the channel in front of T-Mult so that two Panamax ships can be loaded simultaneously.
For now, at least, the port says clients are stockpiling soybeans at its facilities with most of the inventory eventually destined for China.
A container shortage is also steering business to Porto do Acu. The targeting of commercial shipping by Iranian-backed Houthis militants in the Red Sea has slowed the flow of containers used by coffee exporters, for example. Brazil is the biggest coffee shipper and some sellers are currently packing the beans into super-sized bags at Porto do Acu to avoid long waits at other ports.
The port started shipping big bags of coffee in 2024 and expects an increase in volumes this year. It also plans to start handling sugar shipments.
請將這篇英文文章翻譯成為通順的中文
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隨著中國準備逐步遠離美國，巴西主要港口忙碌起來
彭博社
2025年4月8日
唐納德·特朗普的貿易戰可能壓低了全球商品價格，但這對巴西其中一個最大的港口來說卻是好消息，該港口的出口量正在上升。
位於里約熱內盧州的阿庫港（Porto do Acu），是巴西最大的石油出口港口，早已在投資增加運輸能力，以解決農產品和礦物貿易的瓶頸問題。隨著關稅引發的全球貿易扭曲，該港口的需求現在進一步上升。
阿庫港物流總監若昂·布拉茲（João Braz）在接受採訪時表示：“當威脅開始出現時，需求也開始上升。我們現在處於一個非常有利的位置。”
這些增長凸顯出，當美國和中國在貿易上陷入對抗時，其他國家如何迅速抓住機會。上週，中國表示將對特朗普對中國商品徵收34%的關稅做出對等的回應。這樣的措施可能使巴西出口商擁有獨特的優勢，來搶佔市場份額。
巴西是中國最大的貿易夥伴，並與美國競爭全球農產品出口市場的主導地位。這個南美國家也是該地區最大的石油生產國，以及全球最大的鐵礦石出口國之一，鐵礦石是製造鋼鐵的原材料。
特朗普政府在2月表示，計劃對進口美國的鋼鐵和鋁徵收25%的關稅。此時，阿庫港看到了對美國鋼鐵製造商所需的生鐵需求激增，布拉茲說道。該港口在2025年第一季度的生鐵出口量比2024年全年增加了50%。
巴西特別有優勢在大豆市場上超越美國。巴西是全球最大的大豆生產國，獨立咨詢公司Agroconsult預計，由於氣候條件有利以及種植面積的擴大，今年巴西的大豆產量將達到創紀錄的1.713億噸。
新數據顯示，其他類別的出口也在從全球事件中受益。巴西新鮮和加工禽類的出口量在3月達到476,000噸，比去年增長了19%。對中國的禽肉出口也增長了相同的比例，牛肉出口增長了20%。
然而，巴西農民生產的大豆量遠超過該國的鐵路和港口的處理能力。阿庫港的首席執行官尤金尼奧·費格雷多（Eugenio Figueiredo）在採訪中表示：“兩端的交通非常擁堵。”
阿庫港在一個名為T-Mult的多用途碼頭處理農產品出口，並計劃在未來幾年將年處理能力翻倍，達到500萬噸。該港口正在加深T-Mult前的航道，以便兩艘泛美型貨船可以同時裝貨。
目前，該港口表示，客戶正在將大豆存放在其設施中，大部分庫存最終將運往中國。
集裝箱短缺也使業務轉向阿庫港。也門胡塞武裝分子在紅海對商業航運進行打擊，減緩了運送咖啡的集裝箱流通速度。巴西是全球最大的咖啡出口國，一些賣家目前正在阿庫港將咖啡裝入超大袋中，以避免在其他港口等待過長時間。
該港口自2024年開始運送大袋咖啡，並預計今年的運量將有所增加。它還計劃開始處理糖的出口。
布拉茲說：“客戶需要替代方案，整個系統現在有瓶頸。”
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