Investigators found
that both crashes were tied to a software called the Maneuvering
Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). MCAS was designed to help
stabilize the 737 MAX after heavier, re-positioned engines placed on the
aircraft caused the plane's nose to point too far upwards in certain
circumstances.
In both crashes, incorrect data from a faulty
sensor caused MCAS to misfire, forcing the plane to nose down
repeatedly, even as pilots struggled to regain control and gain
altitude. MCAS was not mentioned in the pilot manual. 6park.com
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the pilots in
both crashes were bombarded with multiple alarms and alerts in the
cockpit before the planes crashed. The blaring alarms likely caused
further confusion and made an already stressful situation worse,
according to the NTSB. 6park.com原文连接:
https://abcnews.go.com/US/house-committee-final-report-boeing-faa-failures-blame/story?id=73035288
https://transportation.house.gov/committee-activity/boeing-737-max-investigation 6park.comHouse committee final report says Boeing, FAA failures to blame for deadly 737 MAX crashes
The report marks an end to the committee's 18-month-long investigation.
6park.comByAmanda Maile 6park.comSeptember 16, 2020, 2:16 AM 6park.com• 9 min read 6park.com
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Investigators release report on crash that grounded Boeing's 737 Max
6park.comOfficials found that a failure of oversight from the FAA, along with corporate pressure, lack of... 6park.com
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Paul Njoroge lost his entire family in March 2019, after Ethiopian Air Flight 302 crashed shortly after takeoff in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
"I
stay up nights thinking of the horror they must have endured," Njoroge
told lawmakers in a hearing on the incident last summer.
His
mother-in-law, wife and three young children were flying on a Boeing
737 MAX and were victims of the second fatal accident involving the
aircraft. Just months earlier, Lion Air 610, also a MAX, crashed into
the Java Sea shortly after takeoff from Jakarta, Indonesia. Both crashes
resulted in the deaths of 346 people.
"As the pilots struggled to
keep the plane flying for six minutes, the terror that my wife must
have experienced with little Rubi on her lap, our two young children
beside her crying for daddy, and my mother-in-law feeling helpless
beside her," Njoroge said. "The six minutes will forever be embedded in
my mind." 6park.com
6park.com
Jemal Countess/Getty Images, FILE 6park.comDebris lays piled up just outside th... 6park.comDebris
lays piled up just outside the impact crater at the crash site of
Ethiopian Airlines flight 302 in Bishoftu, Ethiopia, March 11, 2019. 6park.com
Days
after the crash in Ethiopia, the House Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure launched its investigation into the design, development
and certification of the MAX family of aircraft and what exactly led to
the two fatal crashes. On Wednesday, almost a year and a half later,
lawmakers released a scathing report which concluded technical design
flaws, faulty assumptions about pilot responses and management failures
by both Boeing and the FAA led to the collisions.
The findings, released Wednesday by Democrats on the committee, come as civil aviation authorities and airline flight crews from the U.S., Canada, Brazil, and the E.U. meet in London this week
to review Boeing's proposed training for 737 Max flight crews. This
marks a significant milestone in the eventual ungrounding of the plane
that has been modified for over a year. 6park.com
MORE: Boeing's 737 Max inches closer to recertification 6park.com
"Boeing
has now acknowledged some of these issues through its actions," the
report states. "Unfortunately, Boeing's responses to safety issues
raised in the 737 MAX program have consistently been too late."
What happened?
Investigators found
that both crashes were tied to a software called the Maneuvering
Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). MCAS was designed to help
stabilize the 737 MAX after heavier, re-positioned engines placed on the
aircraft caused the plane's nose to point too far upwards in certain
circumstances.
In both crashes, incorrect data from a faulty
sensor caused MCAS to misfire, forcing the plane to nose down
repeatedly, even as pilots struggled to regain control and gain
altitude. MCAS was not mentioned in the pilot manual. 6park.com
MORE: Lawmakers fault Boeing, FAA following 737 Max investigation 6park.com
The
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the pilots in
both crashes were bombarded with multiple alarms and alerts in the
cockpit before the planes crashed. The blaring alarms likely caused
further confusion and made an already stressful situation worse,
according to the NTSB. 6park.com
6park.com
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images, FILE 6park.comHouse Transportation and Infrastr... 6park.comHouse
Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman Peter DeFazio
(D-OR) delivers opening remarks during a hearing about the Boeing 737
MAX airplane on Capitol Hill, May 15, 2019. 6park.com
In December, House Democrats released a Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) risk report which showed the potential of more than 15 fatal
crashes over the life of the Max fleet -- about 45 years -- if no change
was made to MCAS.
Corporate pressures and culture of concealment
The
report details "tremendous financial pressure" on Boeing and the 737
MAX program to compete with its European counterpart, Airbus.
The
report detailed incidents they say illustrated such pressures, including
the installation of a countdown clock by senior program officials "to
remind staff about the MAX's schedule."
The report also detailed
an incident in which a plant supervisor attempted to schedule a meeting
with the 737 MAX general manager about "safety concerns" with production
and schedule pressures.
When the supervisor later met with the
general manager, he cited his service in the Navy and that "in the
military they would temporarily halt production if they had the kinds of
safety problems [he] saw on the factory floor."
According to the report, the general manager reportedly said, "The military is not a profit-making organization."
Such
pressures "resulted in extensive efforts to cut costs, maintain the 737
MAX program schedule and avoid slowing the 737 MAX production line,"
the report said.
FAA oversight and 'failure to ensure the safety of the traveling public'
The report concluded that the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) oversight was "hampered by poor, disjointed FAA communication among the agency's own internal offices responsible for certifying new critical 737 MAX systems, including MCAS." 6park.com
MORE: Lawmakers accuse FAA chief of 'stonewalling' investigation into Boeing 737 Max 6park.com
"It
feels like we are showing up to a knife fight with Nerf weapons," one
FAA whistleblower told the committee. "It is a challenge to be an equal
match with Boeing in the meetings/conversations." 6park.com
6park.com
Graeme Jennings/Pool via Getty Images, FILE 6park.comFederal Aviation Administration (FA... 6park.comFederal
Aviation Administration (FAA) chief Steve Dickson testifies before a
Senate panel examining safety certification of jetliners in Washington,
June 17, 2020. 6park.com
Such
"ineffective communication and lack of coordination" on those key
safety issues put the flying public in danger, lawmakers concluded.
In
response to the report, the FAA said in a statement that it is
"committed to continually advancing aviation safety and looks forward to
working with the Committee to implement improvements identified in its
report."
"We are already undertaking important initiatives based
on what we have learned from our own internal reviews as well as
independent reviews of the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines accidents,"
the statement continued.
What happens now?
The findings support lawmakers' larger push for a reform of the aircraft certification process in the U.S.
They also come as the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation holds a markup on a bill that would strengthen the
oversight over the certification process.
"The fact that a
compliant airplane suffered from two deadly crashes in less than five
months is clear evidence that the current regulatory system is
fundamentally flawed and needs to be repaired," the report says.
Currently,
under the Organization Designation Authorization (ODA) program mandated
by Congress, some of the aircraft certification process is delegated to
manufacturers like Boeing. Critics of the ODA program said it was this
delegation that created a conflict of interest. 6park.com
MORE: Flight testing for Boeing's 737 Max begins 6park.com
"The
problem is it was compliant and not safe, and people died," Committee
Chairman Peter DeFazio, D-Ore., said in a call with reporters Tuesday.
"So obviously, the system is inadequate."
DeFazio said he is
"working closely with Republicans in the hope of coming to an agreement
on a reform proposal in the very near future," but did not say if such
legislation would be introduced before the end of the current session.
ABC News' Mina Kaji and Sam Sweeney contributed to this report.