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《三体》英文版的翻译水平怎么样?
送交者: icemessenger[♂☆★★★SuperMod★★★☆♂] 于 2019-10-21 4:21 已读 1304 次 1 赞  

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最近刚好读到了刘慈欣《三体》的英文版,对译者的用词和翻译细节处理印象深刻,今天在这里聊聊书的翻译。 6park.com

《三体》译者是华裔科幻作家刘宇昆(Ken Liu),他在国内知名度可能不是很高,但在海外科幻圈非常有名。他是第一位获得星云奖和雨果奖两项世界科幻小说大奖的华裔作家,出版过一系列科幻作品,包括《蒲公英王朝》(The Grace of Kings),《手中纸,心中爱》(The Paper Menagerie)以及《风暴之墙》(The Wall of Storms)等。他翻译的《三体》在2015年获得雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖(《三体》第二部则是由外国译者Joel Martinsen翻译)。他翻译的郝景芳的小说《北京折叠》也在2016年获雨果奖最佳中短篇小说奖。可以说《三体》在国际上的成功离不开刘宇昆的贡献。




《三体》英文版在海外反响很不错,它在图书社区Goodreads上收到了10多万份评价,评分高达4.06分(满分5分),美亚上还有读者盛赞小说翻译水平一流。




刘宇昆的译文读起来非常流畅、舒服,译者对原文意思的把握很精确,对翻译难点的处理也令人印象深刻。书中很多翻译细节值得玩味,比如“智子”被译为Sophon,这是一个由-soph-和proton(质子)组合成的词:-soph-在古希腊语中意思是wise,不少单词都含有这个词根,比如philosopher/philosophy/sophisticated/sophomore;又比如“三体人”书中译为Trisolaran,这个单词由三个部分组成:tri-, solar, -an,tri-这个词根表示“三”(例如triple/triangular),solar表示“太阳的”,-an则表示“与……有关的人”(比如librarian/Christian)。再比如三体世界的“元首”,刘宇昆译为Princeps,这是一个拉丁词,意思是"the most eminent or noble; the first man, first person",这一单词也用来指罗马帝国时代的首席元老。 6park.com

《三体》英文版的用词并不难,但非常地道,将英文跟原文对比后你更能发现译者的功力深厚,这里举几个例子: 6park.com

(1)在他的眼中,午夜的城市重新恢复了可见光波段所描绘的现实图景,但他的目光游移,在捕捉另外一些东西:对面动物园大门旁的一排霓虹灯中有一根灯管坏了,不规则地闪烁着;近处的一棵小树上的树叶在夜风中摇动,反射着街灯的光,不规则地闪烁着;远处北京展览馆俄式尖顶上的五角星也在反射着下面不同街道上车灯的光,不规则地闪烁着…… 6park.com

The city at night gradually recovered the reality of visible light. But his eyesroamed, trying to capture other sights. By the entrance of the zoo across the street, there was a row of neon lights. One of the lights was about to burn out and flickered irregularly. Nearby, a small tree’s leaves trembled in the night breeze, twinkling without pattern as they reflected streetlight. In the distance, the red star atop the Beijing Exhibition Center’s Russian-style spire reflected the light from the cars passing below, also twinkling randomly.… 6park.com

形容人的目光游移,译者用了roam一词,非常精确且生动。




“一排霓虹灯中有一根灯管坏了,不规则地闪烁着”如果直译为:One of the lights didn't work, flickering irregularly. 理解起来会很奇怪。译者处理为:One of the lights was about to burn out and flickered irregularly. 这里burn out更加具体地说明了灯管坏的原因:是被烧坏的。同时灯管还在不规则闪烁,说明它还没有完全坏掉,处于即将烧坏的状态,因此译者用了was about to burn out来说明这种状态,意思传达很准确。 6park.com

此外,节选段落中出现了三次“不规则地闪烁着”,译者每次译法都不一样:flickered irregularly / twinkling without pattern / twinkling randomly 这样处理能够增加用词多样性,使英文读起来更加生动。 6park.com

(2)“外星文明探索是一个很特殊的学科,它对研究者的人生观影响很大。”叶文洁用种悠长的声调说,像是在给孩子讲故事,“夜深人静的时候。从耳机中听着来自宇宙没有生命的噪声,这噪声隐隐约约的,好像比那些星星还永恒:有时又觉得那声音像大兴安岭的冬天里没完没了的寒风,让我感到很冷啊,那种孤独真是没法形容。 6park.com

"The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a unique discipline. It has a profound influence on the researcher's perspective on life." Ye spoke in a drawn-out voice, as though telling stories to a child. "In the dead of night, I could hear in my headphones the lifeless noise of the universe. The noise wasfaint but constant, more eternal than the stars. Sometimes I thought it sounded like the endless winter winds of the Greater Khingan Mountains. I felt so cold then, and the loneliness was indescribable." 6park.com

in the dead of night是一个固定搭配,意思是"in the middle of the night, during the darkest and quietest time",用来形容“夜深人静”非常准确。“噪声隐隐约约的”译者处理为:The noise was faint but constant. faint but constant 很好地写出了噪声那种微小但绵延不绝的状态。 6park.com

(3)一天叶文洁值夜班。这是最孤寂的时刻。在静静的午夜,宇宙向它的聆听者展示着广漠的荒凉。叶文洁最不愿意看的,就是显示器上缓缓移动的那条曲线,那是红岸接收到的宇宙电波的波形。无意义的噪声。叶文洁感到这条无限长的曲线就是宇宙的抽象,一头连着无限的过去,另一头连着无限的未来,中间只有无规律无生命的随机起伏。一个个高低错落的波峰就像一粒粒大小不等的沙子,整条曲线就像是所有沙粒捧成行形成的一堆沙漠,荒凉寂寥,长得更令人无法忍受。你可以沿着它向前向后走无限远,但永远找不到归宿。 6park.com

One night, Ye was working the night shift. This was the loneliest time. In the deep silence of midnight, the universe revealed itself to its listeners as a vast desolation. What Ye disliked most was seeing the waves that slowly crawledacross the display, a visual record of the meaningless noise Red Coast picked up from space. Ye felt this interminable wave was an abstract view of the universe: one end connected to the endless past, the other to the endless future, and in the middle only the ups and downs of random chance—without life, without pattern, the peaks and valleys at different heights like uneven grains of sand, the whole curve like a one-dimensional desert made of all the grains of sand lined up in a row, lonely, desolate, so long that it was intolerable. You could follow it and go forward or backward as long as you liked, but you’d never find the end. 6park.com

这一段翻译的难度很高,但读完英文感觉译者翻起来毫不费力,一气呵成,这需要深厚的语言功底。译者使用crawl来指曲线在显示器上缓慢移动的状态,形象且准确。对于一些句子译者在翻译时也做了意思上的补充以使其更加符合英文表达习惯,比如“叶文洁感到这条无限长的曲线就是宇宙的抽象”,处理为:Ye felt this interminable wave was an abstract view of the universe. 如果直接译成:Ye felt this interminable wave was an abstraction of the universe. 在英语语境中会比较晦涩。 6park.com

书中类似这样的例子还有很多,在阅读过程中经常会有惊喜。对中译英感兴趣的同学不妨找一找《三体》的中英文版本对照阅读,从中也可以学习不少翻译以及英文写作技巧。


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