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A paralyzed man who cannot speak or type was able to spell out over 1,000 words using a neuroprosthetic device that translates his brain waves into full sentences, US researchers said Tuesday.
美国研究人员在英国《自然·通讯》期刊8日刊载的论文中说，美国研究员成功把一名失语瘫痪者的脑电波转化成句子，在电脑屏幕上显现出来，得以“说出”上千个单词。这一全球首创之举，能帮助丧失说话能力者与外界沟通。 6park.com
图源：加利福尼亚大学 In his late 30s, the man suffered a stroke when he was 20 that left him with anarthria – the inability to speak intelligibly, though his cognitive function remained intact. 6park.com2019年，研究人员使用脑机接口技术，经由手术在他大脑表面语言运动皮层植入一个高密度电极，外接神经假体仪器，通过端口监测他在试图表达不同单词或字母时产生的不同脑电波模式。
加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校研究人员介绍，这名瘫痪者现在年过三旬，十几年前因中风瘫痪、失语，四肢几乎不能动，后来靠别在棒球帽上的细长杆点击屏幕上的字母与人交流。 6park.com
图源：加利福尼亚大学 Via a port embedded in his skull, they have since been able to monitor the different electrical patterns produced when he tries to say varying words or letters. 6park.com去年，研究人员借助高级计算机算法，建立语言模型，为他初步建成一个包含50个常用词的词库。当他脑海中使用这些词“说话”时，神经假体仪器可以将相关脑电波运动实时、直接转化为完整的句子，显示在屏幕上。
In 2019, the researchers surgically implanted a high-density electrode on the surface of his brain, over the speech motor cortex. 6park.com
研究员通过屏幕提问“你想要一些水吗？”等句子，他会回答“不，我不渴”等句子。 6park.com研究将词库扩展到1150多个单词，涵盖人们“自然交流中使用的英语句子的85%以上内容”。 6park.com该系统拼写速度达到了每分钟29.4个字符，字符错误率仅为6.13%。而离线模拟的结果表明，该方法可以推广到包含超过9000个单词的大型词汇表，同时仍然保持较低的字符错误率（8.23%）。研究成果于2022年11月8日发表在《自然·通讯》（Nature Communications）上。 6park.comThe researchers were able to decode more than 1,150 words, which represent "over 85 percent of the content in natural English sentences", the study said. 6park.comThey simulated that this vocabulary could be extended to more than 9,000 words. The device decoded around 29 characters a minute, with an error rate of 6 percent. 6park.com论文第一作者肖恩·梅茨格说，那名瘫痪者“因为能够与我们便捷交流，着实喜欢使用这个仪器”。他最喜欢“说”的话语之一是“一切皆有可能”。 6park.com"Anything is possible," was one of the man's favorite phrases to spell out, said the first author of a new study on the research, Sean Metzger of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF). 6park.com据法新社报道，这项研究还需招募更多失语瘫痪者参与测试，距离推广尚需时日。有专家提醒，这项研究结果虽然“令人印象非常深刻”，但高密度电极植入手术“有风险”。
随后几个月，该团队在他试图说出50个单词时记录了他的神经活动，并使用人工智能来区分数据中的微妙模式，再将它们与单词联系起来。 6park.com
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