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乌克兰冲突给美国武装台湾带来新挑战
送交者: icemessenger[♂☆★★★SuperMod★★★☆♂] 于 2022-11-27 23:58 已读 1371 次 1 赞  

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U.S. Effort to Arm Taiwan Faces New Challenge With Ukraine Conflict



美国政府和国会官员担心,乌克兰冲突加剧了规模近190亿美元输台武器订单的积压,时值台海紧张局势升级,这会使美方武装台湾的努力进一步受耽搁。



美国对台军售订单中包括了标枪导弹。图为科罗拉多州的一次陆军训练演习中使用这种武器。


美国政府和国会官员担心,乌克兰冲突加剧了规模近190亿美元输台武器订单的积压,时值台海紧张局势升级,这会使美方武装台湾的努力进一步受耽搁。 6park.com

U.S. government and congressional officials fear the conflict in Ukraine is exacerbating a nearly $19 billion backlog of weapons bound for Taiwan, further delaying efforts to arm the island as tensions with China escalate. 6park.com


自今年2月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来,美国向乌克兰输送了价值数以十亿美元计的武器,这种突如其来的武装基辅的需求,给美国政府和国防工业产能带来沉重负担,并且这场冲突预计不会很快结束。据知情的美国国会和政府官员称,现在武器流向乌克兰与美国武装台湾以助其抵御中国潜在入侵的战略的长期需求相抵触。 6park.com

The U.S. has pumped billions of dollars of weapons into Ukraine since the Russian invasion in February, taxing the capacity of the government and defense industry to keep up with a sudden demand to arm Kyiv in a conflict that isn’t expected to end soon. The flow of weapons to Ukraine is now running up against the longer-term demands of a U.S. strategy to arm Taiwan to help it defend itself against a possible invasion by China, according to congressional and government officials familiar with the matter. 6park.com


据国会官员和其他知情人士说,积压的待交货订单已从去年12月的140多亿美元增长到187亿美元。积压订单中包括2015年12月订购的208件“标枪”(Javelin)反坦克武器,以及同时订购的215枚地对空“毒刺”(Stinger)导弹。据国会消息人士和其他知情人士说,这些武器都没有运抵台湾。 6park.com

The backlog of deliveries, which was more than $14 billion last December, has grown to $18.7 billion, according to congressional officials and others familiar with the matter. Included in the backlog are an order made in December 2015 for 208 Javelin antitank weapons and a separate one at the same time for 215 surface-to-air Stinger missiles. None of them have arrived on the island, according to congressional sources and people familiar with the matter.



美国副国务卿谢尔曼曾说,国务院正与五角大楼合作,在国防出口方面“看看在哪些方面可以提高效率”。


提供这些武器装备是美国政府“豪猪”(porcupine)战略的一部分,目的是武装台湾,如果中国决定入侵,将付出更高代价。美国军方官员两年前曾表示,北京方面可能准备最早在2026年就强行统一台湾。 6park.com

The weaponry is part of Washington’s “porcupine” strategy to arm Taiwan in a way that raises the cost to China should it decide to invade. U.S. military officials said two years ago that Beijing could be poised to reunify with Taiwan forcibly as early as 2026. 6park.com


台湾政府驻华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的一位发言人对军售事宜不予置评,但台湾官员曾就对台军售延迟交货情况表达过关切。 6park.com

A spokeswoman for the Taiwan government in Washington, D.C., declined to comment on arms sales, but officials from the island have previously expressed concern about delays. 6park.com


台湾国防部军备副部长王信龙上个月表示,台湾想请求美国如期交付售台的武器。 6park.com

“Taiwan would like to request that the weapons the U.S. sells to Taiwan be delivered as scheduled,” Gen. Wang Shin-lung, the vice minister for armaments at Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense, said last month. 6park.com


美国国务院和五角大楼都不予承认订单积压情况,也不具体说明哪些对台出售的武器或已延迟交货,但美中经济和安全审议委员会(U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission)警告说,毒刺导弹和帕拉丁(Paladin)自行榴弹炮等武器会延迟交付。 6park.com

Neither the State Department nor Pentagon would acknowledge the backlog or provide details on which weapons to Taiwan might have been delayed, but the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission warned of delays to weapons such as Stingers and Paladin self-propelled howitzer artillery.



台湾总统蔡英文和助手们在8月访问一个海军基地期间的一场简报会上。


该委员会在本月的一份报告中称:“现有的武器和弹药库存被转运到乌克兰,加上与疫情有关的供应链问题,都加剧了已批准售台的武器出现订单大量积压的局面,破坏了台湾的战备工作。”美中经济和安全审议委员会是20多年前由国会授权组建的政府审计和监督机构。 6park.com

“The diversion of existing stocks of weapons and munitions to Ukraine and pandemic-related supply-chain issues have exacerbated a sizable backlog in the delivery of weapons already approved for sale to Taiwan, undermining the island’s readiness,” the commission, a government auditing and monitoring body mandated by Congress more than 20 years ago, said in a report this month. 6park.com


美国官员已承认对台武器交付出现延误,但表示,这些武器都是新生产的产品,而运往乌克兰的“毒刺”防空导弹和“标枪”反坦克导弹则来自美国军火库中的现有库存。美国五角大楼发言人辛格(Sabrina Singh)在一份声明中称:“我们将继续努力,尽快向台湾提供武器,同时也确保乌克兰能抵御俄罗斯的侵略。” 6park.com

U.S. officials acknowledged delays to arms deliveries to Taiwan, but say that those purchases are all new off the production line, while the Stingers and Javelins headed to Ukraine come from existing stockpiles within the U.S. arsenal. “We continue to diligently work to provide capabilities to Taiwan as fast as possible while also making sure Ukraine can defend itself against Russian aggression,” Sabrina Singh, a Pentagon spokeswoman, said in a statement. 6park.com


5月份,当被问及台湾宣布计划寻找交付延迟的“帕拉丁”榴弹炮的替代品时,当时的美国五角大楼发言人柯比(John Kirby)表示,乌克兰冲突不是造成对台武器订单积压的原因。柯比说,运给乌克兰的武器来自现有库存,有别于向台湾提供军事物资的方法。 6park.com

In May, when asked about Taiwan’s announced plans to look at alternatives to the delayed howitzers, John Kirby, then a Pentagon spokesman, said Ukraine wasn’t the cause of the backlog. Mr. Kirby said deliveries to Ukraine were drawn from existing stockpiles, which “is a different method of providing military articles than what is being provided to Taiwan.” 6park.com


洛克希德-马丁公司(Lockheed Martin Corp., LMT)、波音公司(Boeing Co., BA)等一些防务公司的高管称,新冠疫情引发的供应链问题已导致许多系统的生产遇阻,其实在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰使需求增加之前,这些公司就已经难以满足订单需求。 6park.com

Executives at Lockheed Martin Corp., Boeing Co. and other defense companies say pandemic-driven supply-chain problems have set back production for many systems and that they have struggled to keep up with orders even before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine boosted demand. 6park.com


乌克兰战争就算不是美国对台军售订单积压的主要原因,也是加剧这种局面的一个因素。美国陆军首席采购官员Doug Bush说,虽然没有哪项交付延迟可归因于乌克兰冲突,但这场战争确实会在短期内影响安排的“优先次序”。 6park.com

The Ukraine war, even if it isn’t the primary reason for the backlog, is still an aggravating factor. Doug Bush, the Army’s chief acquisition official, said that while no single delay could be connected to Ukraine, the war does affect “prioritization” in the short term.



海军陆战队在亚利桑那州训练中使用地对空毒刺导弹系统。


这种积压状况令人担心美国已经没有时间来帮助台湾充分抵御中国的进攻,因为台湾与乌克兰不同,被入侵后无法有效武装。积压情况凸显出美国工业基础在生产足够军备以保护美国及其盟友方面所面临的挑战。 6park.com

The backlog has raised concern that Washington is running out of time to help defend Taiwan against China adequately, because Taiwan, unlike Ukraine, can’t be effectively armed after an invasion. The backlog highlights the challenges the American industrial base faces in producing enough armaments to protect the U.S. and its allies. 6park.com


美国得克萨斯州共和党众议员Michael McCaul在一份声明中说,他将与众议院军事委员会合作,解决导致交货延误的工业基础问题。“在某些情况下,我们的对外军售订单积压已超过三年,我在我的职位上签署了这些军售,但尚未交付给台湾,”目前担任众议院外交事务委员会高阶委员的McCaul说,“正如我们所见的乌克兰局势,在入侵前获得武器远比入侵后要好。” 6park.com

Rep. Michael McCaul (R., Texas) said in a statement that he would be working with the House Armed Services Committee on addressing the industrial-base issues contributing to the delays. “In some cases, we have more than a three-year backlog of foreign military sales that I signed off on in my position that have yet to be delivered into Taiwan,” said Mr. McCaul, currently the ranking member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. “As we have seen in Ukraine, it’s far better to get the weapons prior to an invasion than after.” 6park.com


有关哪些对台军售被积压,美国国务院、国防部以及国防安全合作局(Defense Security Cooperation Agency)的官员未披露细节。对台军售情况的不透明令人失望,促使众议院共和党人提出立法,将要求拜登政府提供主要对台军售的细节。 6park.com

Officials at the State and Defense departments and at the Defense Security Cooperation Agency declined to give details on which weapons for Taiwan are backlogged. Frustration over a lack of clarity on the issue prompted House Republicans to introduce legislation that would require the Biden administration to provide details on major arms sales to Taiwan. 6park.com


美国副国务卿舍曼(Wendy Sherman)在4月作证时表示,自2009年以来,美国已同意向台湾出售价值近300亿美元的武器,包括自2017年以来的约180亿美元军售。舍曼说,国务院正与五角大楼合作,对整体国防贸易事宜进行评估,看在哪些方面可以提高效率,并更快地将这些物资送抵台湾。 6park.com

The U.S. has agreed to sell Taiwan nearly $30 billion of arms since 2009, including about $18 billion since 2017, according to Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman during testimony in April. Ms. Sherman said the department is working with the Pentagon to review the entire defense-trade enterprise “to see where efficiencies can be made and get those articles to them more quickly.” 6park.com


美国国防部长奥斯汀(Lloyd Austin)今年早些时候成立了一个特别小组,负责评估阻碍对外军售的问题,但官员们尚未详述他们取得了何种进展。官员们说,另一个专门为研究台湾军售问题而组建的五角大楼特别小组正在研究加快对台军售的方法。 6park.com

Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin earlier this year created an ad hoc team to review issues that hold up foreign military sales, but officials haven’t yet provided details on what progress they have made. Another Pentagon ad hoc group that was specifically assembled to look at Taiwan arm sales is reviewing ways to expedite them, officials said. 6park.com


五角大楼发言人辛格在声明中说:“国防部将根据威胁的紧迫性继续寻找方法,加速向所有合作伙伴的武器交付。” 6park.com

“The department will continue to look for ways to accelerate delivery of capabilities for all our partners, based on the urgency of the threat,” Ms. Singh, the Pentagon spokeswoman, said in a statement. 6park.com


国会官员说,与此同时,国务院成立了自己的小组,由助理国务卿刘易斯(Jessica Lewis)领导。 6park.com

In a parallel effort, the State Department created its own group, led by Assistant Secretary of State Jessica Lewis, congressional officials said. 6park.com


据知情人士透露,台湾在美国的最大订单之一将按计划从2025年左右开始交付。这笔订单是购买由洛克希德-马丁公司制造的66架F-16战斗机,总价值80亿美元。 6park.com

One of Taiwan’s biggest U.S. orders—an $8 billion deal for 66 F-16 combat jets made by Lockheed Martin—is now on schedule to be delivered from the mid-2020s as planned, according to people familiar with the issue. 6park.com


美国陆军采购官员Bush说,美国军方正寻求增加武器生产以补充库存,这有望加快交付速度。他表示:“如果陆军在某些领域拥有更大的生产能力,我们将能够加快对各方的交付。” 6park.com

The U.S. military is seeking to step up arms production to replenish its stockpiles, and that could speed deliveries, said Mr. Bush, the Army acquisition official. “If the Army in certain areas ends up with more capacity, it will allow us to move faster for everyone,” he said. 6park.com


美国自2019年以来的对台军售包括现在运往乌克兰的同款武器,如“毒刺”防空导弹、“标枪”反坦克导弹、高机动性火箭炮系统(Himars)以及榴弹炮。官员们表示,台湾在3月份签署了一份购买“鱼叉”(Harpoon)反舰导弹的合同,但这些导弹至少要到2026年才能交付。 6park.com

The sales of arms to Taiwan since 2019 include weapons also being sent to Ukraine, including Stinger missiles, Javelins, High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems, or Himars, and howitzers. Taipei signed a contract in March for Harpoon antiship missiles, but won’t get them until at least 2026, officials said. 6park.com


洛克希德-马丁公司和雷神技术(Raytheon Technologies Corp., RTX)正在扩大毒刺导弹、标枪导弹和高机动性火箭炮系统的生产。英国军火制造商英宇航系统公司(BAE Systems PLC)正在谈判重启榴弹炮的生产。 6park.com

Lockheed Martin and Raytheon Technologies Corp. are expanding production of Stingers, Javelins and Himars. The British arms maker BAE Systems PLC is in talks to restart Howitzer production. 6park.com


榴弹炮系统依赖155毫米口径炮弹,自九个月前乌克兰战争爆发以来,美国这种炮弹的库存正在迅速减少。根据政府记录,美国已向乌克兰运送了近100万枚这种炮弹。 6park.com

Howitzer artillery systems rely on 155mm shells, the stockpiles of which are dwindling quickly in the U.S. since the war began in Ukraine nine months ago. The U.S. has shipped nearly a million such rounds to Kyiv, according to government records. 6park.com


这些公司称有关对台军售的问题应由美国国防部回答。 6park.com

The companies referred questions about Taiwan arms sales to the Pentagon. 6park.com


美国是台湾的最大武器供应国,远非其他国家所能及,而据追踪军售的非营利组织斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所(Stockholm International Peace Research Institute)称,过去十年台湾的武器进口总量大幅缩减。该研究所表示,随着美国政府批准出售的武器被列入与美国公司签订的合同,预计台湾的武器进口将大幅增加。 6park.com

The U.S. is by far the largest overseas provider of arms to Taiwan, though overall weapons imports have shrunk considerably over the past decade, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, a nonprofit that tracks arms transfers. The institute said it expects Taiwan’s imports to increase significantly as weapons that have been approved for sale by the U.S. government are put under contract with American companies.


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