代糖到底能减肥吗？世卫组织和热量控制协会吵起来了…… -6parkbbs.com

人工甜味剂（artificial sweeteners / non-sugar sweeteners），即代糖（sugar substitutes）的一种，已然成为食品界的新晋顶流。 6park.com

各种代糖饮料你方唱罢我登场，商家在宣传上也会着重强调商品的“0糖”“健康”属性。

代糖的出现满足了人们想吃甜的又担心甜品会影响身体健康和皮肤状态的矛盾心理。 6park.com

但是代糖真的健康吗？利用代糖减肥到底可不可行？

世卫组织：代糖减不了肥

世界卫生组织近期发布一份关于非糖甜味剂的新指南，建议不要使用安赛蜜、阿斯巴甜、糖精钠等非糖甜味剂来控制体重或降低非传染性疾病风险。 6park.com

Sugar substitutes such as stevia, aspartame and sucralose do not help people lose weight in the long run and may instead pose health risks, the World Health Organization has warned.

世卫组织在官网上称，使用低热量或无热量的甜味剂，虽然在短期能略微控制体重，但长期使用来看，对减肥的功效非常小，也就是说，该胖还是会胖的。 6park.com

而且，长期使用可能会产生不良影响，有可能会增加二型糖尿病、心血管疾病和死亡的风险。 6park.com

A systematic review of the available evidence "suggests that use of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) does not confer any long-term benefit in reducing body fat in adults or children,” the WHO said in a statement. 6park.com

“Results of the review also suggest that there may be potential undesirable effects from long-term use of NSS, such as an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality in adults,” it added. 6park.com

世卫组织表示，代糖存在安全风险，日常生活中应该减少一日三餐中的甜度，采取其他方法减少游离糖（free sugars）的摄入，比如增加饮食中自然糖的摄入，例如水果等，或者使用不含甜味剂的食品饮料。 6park.com

“People need to consider other ways to reduce free sugars intake, such as consuming food with naturally occurring sugars, like fruit, or unsweetened food and beverages,” says Francesco Branca, WHO director for nutrition and food safety.

世卫组织同时表示，代糖没有营养价值，为了健康着想，还是要尽早戒糖。 6park.com

Artificial sweeteners are “not essential dietary factors and have no nutritional value,” Branca emphasized. 6park.com

“People should reduce the sweetness of the diet altogether, starting early in life, to improve their health."

热量控制协会表示不同意

但是文章一出，热量控制协会（the Calorie Control Council）就坐不住了，立刻发表多篇声明，声称世卫组织的报告缺乏科学依据，仅仅依靠“前瞻性研究”做出结论，无法明确表明“甜味剂”和心血管疾病、二型糖尿病之间存在确切关联。 6park.com

Formulating recommendations that are not supported by strong scientific evidence is inappropriate and could unnecessarily deter the public from personal choice and potentially beneficial dietary options, according to the Calorie Control Council.

热量控制协会继续表示，多国卫生机构的调查已经明确验证了使用代糖是控制体重、减少非传播性疾病风险的重要工具。 6park.com

除此之外，热量控制协会表示世卫组织忽视了1型糖尿病患者的真实使用需求，这是非常不明智的。 6park.com

“The world's most highly regarded health and regulatory agencies have thoroughly reviewed this evidence and have validated the role of these ingredients. Along with exercise and a healthy diet, low- and no-calorie sweeteners are a critical tool that can help consumers manage body weight and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases,” said Robert Rankin, president of the Calorie Control Council.

该协会继续从代糖的功效出发，为代糖辩护：科学证明，低卡无卡甜味剂不会提高血糖和胰岛素水平。代糖本就是为了代替额外用糖而发明的，如果适量使用的话能够十分有效的控制血糖水平，达到减少摄入真糖的效果。 6park.com

Evidence indicates that low- and no-calorie sweeteners do not raise blood glucose or insulin levels. When used as intended, as a replacement for added sugar, low- and no-calorie sweeteners are useful tools for blood glucose management and are a viable sugar reduction strategy.

代糖到底还能不能吃？

曾经，科学界也以为代糖会是糖之外一种健康、完美的减肥替代品，因为无法吸收，自然不会对人体造成任何负担。 6park.com

但是最近，越来越多的研究发现，摄入代糖会通过各种方式同人体产生互动，最终影响个人健康。 6park.com

一项研究发现，代糖会影响肠道微生物菌群，进而影响人体的代谢。 6park.com

One study found that sugar substitutes caused changes in both the function and composition of the gut microbiome, the communities of bacteria, viruses and fungi that live in the intestines.

也有研究发现，大量摄入人工甜味剂会增加心血管疾病风险，比如中风和冠心病。 6park.com

A study also found that a high intake of artificial sweeteners increased the risk of cardiovascular problems such as strokes and coronary heart disease. 6park.com

专家表示，非糖甜味剂可能通过多种机制影响人体的能量代谢、饱感、饥饿感的调控。 6park.com

代糖虽然能骗过味蕾，但是却骗不过大脑，大脑依然会对甜味刺激作出反应，但是在经过遍布全身各种器官的反馈之后，却发现甜味是虚假的，最后就会逐渐学会糊弄嘴里吃到的甜味信号。