全球顶流、美国知名歌手泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）成为人工智能（artificial intelligence, AI）深度伪造的最新受害者（victim）。
自上周开始，大量由AI生成的泰勒“不雅照”在各大社交平台疯转，浏览量已过千万，引发公众关注，更惊动了白宫。

图源：CNN报道截图
Fake sexually explicit images of Taylor Swift spread widely across social media last week, with one image shared on X, previously known as Twitter, reportedly being viewed tens of millions of times before the account was suspended.
据美国《国会山报》报道，由人工智能生成的泰勒·斯威夫特不雅照近期在社交媒体上疯传后，社交媒体X（原推特）一名高管1月28日向该媒体证实，该平台已采取措施阻止搜索与泰勒·斯威夫特英文名“Taylor Swift”有关的内容，以打击深度造假行为。
The social media platform X has blocked searches of pop superstar Taylor Swift after explicit, artificial intelligence (AI) generated images went viral on social media, an executive confirmed Sunday.
报道说，当地时间28日晚，当在X主页的搜索栏输入泰勒·斯威夫特的英文名“Taylor Swift”时，会出现意为“出了点问题，请尝试重新加载”的英文字样。
As of Sunday night, searches of "Taylor Swift" on the social media platform showed the error message, "Something went wrong. Try reloading."
《国会山报》报道说，对于上述消息，X的业务运营主管乔·贝纳罗克（Joe Benarroch）向该媒体予以证实。他28日称：“这是一项临时措施，我们非常谨慎地采取这一措施，同时在这一问题上优先考虑安全性。”
“A temporary action and done with an abundance of caution as we prioritize safety on this issue,” Benarroch said in a statement Sunday.
此前白宫表态
在1月26日白宫记者会上，发言人让-皮埃尔（Karine Jean-Pierre）被问及此事时表示该事件令人担忧（alarming）。
“虽然社交媒体公司在内容管理方面有自己的独立决策，但我们认为，他们在严格贯彻其监管制度以防止错误信息和未经本人允许的私密图像传播方面，应起到重要作用。”让-皮埃尔说。
"While social media companies make their own independent decisions about content management, we believe they have an important role to play in enforcing their own rules to prevent the spread of misinformation and non-consensual, intimate imagery of real people," Karine Jean-Pierre, White House press secretary, said.

图源：福克斯新闻网
她还补充说，网络上的执法不严对女性影响更大，她们是受到网络骚扰和欺凌的主要目标。当被问及是否应该立法打击此类AI生成的图像时，让-皮埃尔立即回答说：“是的”。
"Sadly, though, too often, we know that lax enforcement disproportionately impacts women and they also impact girls, sadly, who are the overwhelming targets," said Jean-Pierre.
When asked whether there should be legislation to combat such AI-generated imagery, Jean-Pierre quickly responded, "Yeah."
“显然应该立法来解决这个问题”，让-皮埃尔表示。“这让我们感到担忧，我们将继续尽联邦政府所能解决此类问题。”
AI纠纷频发
泰勒不是第一个受害者，也不会是最后一个。
此前，深度伪造（deepfake）、AI换脸也曾在我国引发巨大争议。为此，我国法律界人士已行动起来，正努力探索为人工智能这一技术的应用划清边界。
例如，我国民法典（Civil Code）规定：任何组织或者个人不得以丑化、污损，或者利用信息技术手段伪造等方式侵害他人的肖像权。
随着AI技术迅猛发展，与其相关的纠纷层出不穷，频上热搜，持续成为全球关注的焦点。
例如，去年11月，北京互联网法院就针对一起AI生成图引发的著作权纠纷，作出一审判决，这也是我国首例“AI文生图”著作权案。近日，该案写入北京市高级人民法院工作报告，再度引发公众对AI技术应用和发展的讨论。
A Beijing court ruling that recognized the copyright of an image generated via artificial intelligence has triggered further public discussion on the development of AI technology. The first ruling of its kind in China was included in the capital's annual judicial work report.
案件回顾
原告李某使用开源软件Stable Diffusion通过输入提示词等方式生提成了图片，后将该图片以“春风送来了温柔”为名发布在小红书平台。随后，原告发现，被告刘某在百家号账号发布文章时未经其许可配发了生成图，且截去了其在小红书平台的署名水印。去年5月，李某将刘某告上法庭。

图源：北京互联网法院官方账号
The lawsuit was initiated in May last year by a man surnamed Li, who used the AI program to create a picture of a young Asian woman and posted it on Xiaohongshu, a popular Chinese social media platform.
Li turned to the Beijing Internet Court after he alleged a blogger surnamed Liu used the image without his permission in a post on Baijiahao, a Chinese content-sharing platform owned by Baidu, claiming Liu had infringed on his copyright of the picture.
法院判决
法院经审理认为，李某在涉案图片生成过程中，通过设计提示词、设置参数的方式对生成图片的画面元素和画面布局进行具有个性化的选择和安排，能够体现出原告的“独创性”智力投入，享有涉案图片的著作权。刘某的行为侵害了署名权和信息网络传播权，判决其赔礼道歉并赔偿原告经济损失500元。
After hearing the case, the court ruled in favor of Li, identifying his AI-generated image was an artwork, and ordering Liu to make a public apology and pay 500 yuan to Li in compensation.
The ruling was made based on the way Li had continuously added prompts and repeatedly adjusted the parameters to come up with a picture that reflected his aesthetic choice and personalized judgment.
“Assigning generative AI content a legal status under certain conditions in this case is aimed at encouraging people to innovate with the new technology, and promoting the development of this emerging industry,” the judge said.
但是法院也强调，“独创性”要求作品由作者独立完成，并体现出作者的个性化表达。而利用AI生成图片，是否体现作者的个性化表达，需要个案判断，不能一概而论。
But the judge also emphasized that future copyright disputes related to AI-generated content should be judged on a case-by-case basis.
近年来，由AI生成内容引发的版权纠纷在世界各地上演。针对AI生成的内容到底是不是“作品”，能否享有著作权保护，国内外法学界目前仍争议不断。
但可以肯定的是，大家对利用AI技术配音、换脸，进而伤及他人、从事违法犯罪的行为，已达成打击共识。
技术的进步令人振奋，技术带来的问题也着实让人不安。如何在保护个人、组织合法权益的同时促进技术创新发展，是世界各地技术咖、法学家、管理者亟需面对、思考、解决的难题。