学术Essay写作：如何善用意象？
 
　　学术Essay写作文章引用众所周知的意象能让沟通更精确、文章更简洁并减少字数，帮助读者理解文章。下列句子并未在适当的地方善用意象，要如何使用意象，才能让此句更精简有力？
 
　　题目Contest Sentence:
 
　　“The F-100,an aircraft flown by air force pilots in five countries,shared the unpowered flight characteristics of other small-winged jet fighters:It was only capable of maintaining altitude for a short distance.”
 
　　正确解答Answer:We believe the best revision is…“The F-100,an aircraft flown by air force pilots in five countries,shared the flight characteristics of other small-winged jet fighters:It glided like an anvil.”
 
　　我们相信最佳写法应为“The F-100,an aircraft flown by air force pilots in five countries,shared the flight characteristics of other small-winged jet fighters:It glided like an anvil.”
 
　　This sentence reduces the word count to 26 from 32 by comparing a jet aircraft to an anvil.An anvil is a steel or iron block that is used for shaping metal,usually by hammering on the metal as it rests on the anvil.The shop tool is forged of dense material and,therefore,is heavy,which helps it stay in place during hammering.An anvil does not,of course,have wings.Consequently,if it were flung outward by a person of normal strength,gravity would quickly pull it to the earth.Such is the image.
 
　　若将喷射机比拟成铁砧，可让句子从32个字减少到26个字。铁砧由钢或铁制成，锻捶金属时，通常将金属放在铁砧上捶打。铁砧由致密的金属锻造而成，因此非常沉重，如此捶打时才不会移动。铁砧没有翅膀，如果以人手掷出，很快会因重力坠地；铁砧的意象就是如此。
 
　　To write that a fighter jet glides like an anvil imaginatively expresses the fact that the plane's ability to stay in the air is largely dependent upon the thrust of the plane's jet engine.The thrust propels the aircraft forward with the wings mostly helping to control the path of its flight.Unlike planes with larger wings and smaller mass,the F-100 did not derive much lift from its wings.Therefore,if the engine quit operating and thrusting ended,the plane would not glide any great distance.
 
　　形容战斗喷射机如铁砧般滑翔，让读者明白飞机能停留在空中，主要是藉由喷射引擎的推动力，推动飞机向前，机翼主要控制飞行路径。F-100战斗喷射机与其他机翼较大、质量较轻的飞机不同，机翼提供的飞行提升力不多。因此，若引擎熄止，不再推动飞机，机身便滑不了多远。
 
　　It could have been written the plane glided“like a rock”or something similar.The point is,the image of an anvil quickly dropping to the ground clearly expresses the thought that the plane“was only capable of maintaining altitude for a short distance.”A reader quickly grasps the inability of a F-100 to glide.The next sentence should spell out more precisely just how far it might glide,but such explanation would be necessary whether or not imagery is employed.
 
　　飞机滑翔也可以用石头或其他物体形容，不过由于铁砧快速坠地的意象能清楚传达飞机「只能在一小段距离内保持高度」，所以读者很快能了解F-100不太能滑翔。不论是否用意象比喻，下一个句子应需进一步解释F-100究竟能滑翔多远。如果你有需要欢迎咨询weixin:equality2hao QQ:1791404153