悄悄地进村，打枪的不要，评中伊能源和约。
 
网上最近流传了一份英文的标价4000亿美金，为期25年的中伊能源协议，如果是真实的，足可以证明TG其实是这也行，那也能的。
 
协议无头无尾，但写得有模有样，有些要点让人感到惊讶，所以存疑。
 
1。所有能源项目伊朗给予中方以排它优先权（伊朗可能没有选，这个世界只有TG有枪可以杠一杠美国佬的炮）
2。中方资金可以滞后到位两年（谈好了的项目，中方资金还可以有两年规避风险。给点面子，不谈好不行吗？不行，会有第三者插足）
3。中方可以用流行于非洲，前苏地区的非硬通货以及人民币付款，并因此享有折扣（不用硬通货也罢，还要求折扣）
4。伊朗允许中方在伊朗驻扎5000人的安全部队维护能源项目的安全（这个世界被驻军的主权国家多的是）
 
1，2，3，4 对伊朗而言是不平等条约，伊朗人那么骄傲，美国佬就已经搞到它脱裤子了？
4， 中国没有在外驻军的传统（有事例，无传统），在伊朗外派一个旅级战斗单位，对中国自身都是一个大挑战。
 
不称霸其实就是一句口号与理想，你不想称霸，总有人会用利益挑动你的霸值，换活下去的奢望。
 
俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫回答记者提问：你怎么看待中国老大哥的问题？ 外长回答：不，中国人搞的是平等外交，那里需要我们认什么老大哥。
 
看来这个世界愿意在TG这颗大树下乘凉的还不少，当然一定不包括阿三。
 
 
Staggered 25-year deal could mark seismic shift in the global hydrocarbons sector
           
Iran's foreign minister Mohammad Zarif paid a
 visit to his Chinese counterpart Wang Li at the end of August to 
present a road map for the China-Iran comprehensive strategic 
partnership, signed in 2016. 
The updated agreement echoes many of the points 
contained in previous China-Iran accords, and already in the public 
domain. However, many of the key specifics of this new understanding 
will not be released to the public, despite representing a potentially 
material shift to the global balance of the oil and gas sector, 
according to a senior source closely connected to Iran's petroleum 
ministry who spoke exclusively to Petroleum Economist in late August. 
The central pillar of the new deal is that China will 
invest $280bn developing Iran's oil, gas and petrochemicals sectors. 
This amount may be front-loaded into the first five-year period of the 
deal but the understanding is that further amounts will be available in 
every subsequent five-year period, subject to both parties' agreement. 
There will be another $120bn investment in upgrading 
Iran's transport and manufacturing infrastructure, which again can be 
front-loaded into the first five-year period and added to in each 
subsequent period should both parties agree. 
Chinese presence
 
Among other benefits, Chinese companies will be given 
the first refusal to bid on any new, stalled or uncompleted oil and 
gasfield developments. Chinese firms will also have first refusal on 
opportunities to become involved with any and all petchems projects in 
Iran, including the provision of technology, systems, process 
ingredients and personnel required to complete such projects. 
"This will include up to 5,000 Chinese security 
personnel on the ground in Iran to protect Chinese projects, and there 
will be additional personnel and material available to protect the 
eventual transit of oil, gas and petchems supply from Iran to China, 
where necessary, including through the Persian Gulf," says the Iranian 
source. 
    $280bn — Chinese investment in Iranian oil, gas and petchems sector
"China will also be able to buy any and all oil, gas and
 petchems products at a minimum guaranteed discount of 12pc to the 
six-month rolling mean price of comparable benchmark products, plus 
another 6pc to 8pc of that metric for risk-adjusted compensation."
Under the terms of the new agreement, Petroleum Economist
 understands, China will be granted the right to delay payment for 
Iranian production up to two years. China will also be able to pay in 
soft currencies that it has accrued from doing business in Africa and 
the Former Soviet Union (FSU) states, in addition to using renminbi 
should the need arise—meaning that no US dollars will be involved in 
these commodity transaction payments from China to Iran. 
"Given the exchange rates involved in converting these 
soft currencies into hard currencies that Iran can obtain from its 
friendly Western banks—including Europäisch-Iranische Handelsbank [in 
Germany], Oberbank [in Austria] and Halkbank [in Turkey]—China is 
looking at another 8-12pc discount [relative to the dollar price of the 
average benchmarks], which means a total discount of up to 32pc for 
China on all oil, gas and petchems purchases," the source says. 
Another positive factor for China is that its close 
involvement in the build-out of Iran's manufacturing infrastructure will
 be entirely in line with its One Belt, One Road initiative. China 
intends to utilise the low cost labour available in Iran to build 
factories, designed and overseen by large Chinese manufacturing 
companies, with identical specifications and operations to those in 
China, according to the Iranian source. 
Transport infrastructure
 
The
 resulting products will be able to enter Western markets via routes 
built or enhanced by China's increasing involvement in Iran's transport 
infrastructure. When the draft deal was presented in late August to 
Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei by Iran's vice president, Eshaq 
Jahangiri—and senior figures from the Economic and Finance Ministry, the
 Petroleum Ministry and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps—he 
announced that Iran had signed a contract with China to implement a 
project to electrify the main 900km railway connecting Tehran to the 
north-eastern city of Mashhad. Jahangiri added that there are also plans
 to establish a Tehran-Qom-Isfahan high-speed train line and to extend 
this upgraded network up to the north-west through Tabriz. 
Tabriz, home to a number of key oil, gas and petchems 
sites, and the starting point for the Tabriz-Ankara gas pipeline, will 
be a pivot point of the 2,300km New Silk Road that links Urumqi (the 
capital of China's western Xinjiang Province) to Tehran, connecting 
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan along the way, and 
then via Turkey into Europe, says the Iranian source. 
The pipeline plan will require the co-operation of 
Russia, as it regards the FSU states as its backyard. And, because, 
until recently, Russia was weighing a similarly all-encompassing 
standalone deal with Iran. So, according to the source, the agreement 
includes a clause allowing at least one Russian company to have the 
option of being involved, also on discounted terms, alongside a Chinese 
operator.
Benefits for Iran
 
The Iranians expect three key positives from the 25-year
 deal, according to the source. The first flows from China being one of 
just five countries to hold permanent member status on the United 
Nations Security Council (UNSC). Russia, tangentially included in the 
new deal, also holds a seat, alongside the US, the UK and France. 
    “[The deal] will include up to 5,000 Chinese security personnel on the ground in Iran to protect Chinese projects”
"In order to circumvent any further ramping up of 
sanctions—and over time encourage the US to come back to the negotiating
 table—Iran now has two out of five UNSC votes on its side. The fact 
that [Iran foreign minister Mohammad] Zarif showed up unexpectedly at 
the G7 summit in August at the invitation of France may imply it has 
another permanent member on side," he adds. 
A second Iranian positive is that the deal will allow it
 to finally expedite increases in oil and gas production from three of 
its key fields. China has agreed to up the pace on its development of 
one of Iran's flagship gas field project, Phase 11 of the giant South 
Pars gas field (SP11). China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), one 
of China's 'big three' producers, added to its 30pc holding in the field
 when it took over Total's 50.1pc stake, following the French major's 
withdrawal in response to US sanctions. CNPC had since made little 
progress developing SP11—a 30pc+ discount to the global market price on 
potential condensate and LNG exports could change that. 
China has also agreed to increase production from Iran's
 West Karoun oil fields—including North Azadegan, operated by CNPC, and 
Yadavaran, operated by fellow 'big three' firm Sinopec—by an additional 
500,000bl/d by the end of 2020. Iran hopes to increase projected 
recovery rates from these West Karoun fields, which it shares with 
neighbour Iraq, from a current 5pc of reserves in place to at least 25pc
 by the end of 2021 at the very latest. "For every percentage point 
increase, the recoverable reserves figure would increase by 670mn bl, or
 around $34bn in revenues even with oil at $50/bl," the Iranian source 
says. 
A final Iranian benefit is that China has agreed to 
increase imports of Iranian oil, in defiance of a US decision not to 
extend China's waiver on imports from Iran in May. China's General 
Administration of Customs (GAC) figures released in late August show 
that, far from reducing its Iranian imports, China imported over 
925,000bl/d from the country in July, up by 4.7pc month-on-month, from 
an already high base. 
The actual figure is still higher, according to the 
Iranian source, with excess barrels being kept in floating storage in 
and around China; without having gone through customs they do not show 
up on customs data, but are effectively part of China's Strategic 
Petroleum Reserve.
 
  6park.com