自己买地建造房屋的利和弊

利：

1) 一般 Builder 造了房子 (SpecHouse)以后，在卖掉以前都有一年左右的空置期，房市特好的地方除外，空置期间，10%左右的利息(Business Loan, higherthan mortgage rate) 加在买主头上。哪怕你不买他的 Spec House, 10%仍然算你头上。

2) Builder 造的样板房，一般有2-3幢，每年10%利息分摊在那年卖掉的房子上。


3) Builder付给经纪4-5%，加在买主头上。这三样一算，已经快20% 的Overhead 省下来了

4) 自己设计的房子一般包含自己比较需要的 Feature，根据朝向，地形，风水，进行设计，扬长避短。

5) 自己可以选择产品品牌，用料，颜色。有的Builder，在很大的豪宅里放一个很差的大厅灯，算你$600，你进去以后还得拆了重装。

6) 可以省下很多 Customize 费用。因为本来就没有Customize这个概念。

7) 自己设计的房子毕竟与众不同，不会有千篇一律的单调感。

8) 自己设计房子，造房子可以学不少东西，终身享受。

9) 你要是上班无事可干，精神空虚，设计设计房子还可以预防未老先呆。

弊：

1) Builder许多房子一个设计，你的房子单独设计，$1.5-2 / sqft。相对设计价格较高。

2) 市政府对你的设计要单独审批，$600-2000。时间上要多耗2-3个月。

3) 材料费批量小，价格贵10%左右。

4) Builder许多房子一个监工，你的房子单独一个监工，价格校贵，当然，你如果自己作监工，可以省$50-100K。但费你不少时间和精力。

5) 自己造房子没有自己的crew，时间上会多花3-5个月。

6) 自己造房子经济上风险较大，算得太紧，有可能进退两难。手头上要有足够的现金储备，以应不恻。

总结：

1) 50万以下的房子，自己造设计费用相对较高，得不偿失。还是买Builder的比较方便

2) 自己造要对房子设计有较明确的目标，对时尚，潮流有所认识。

3) 自己造要有足够的现金周转，房子没有造好以前，抵押贷款是比较困难的，特别是你自己做Builder 的情况下。
英文对照：

1.Buy land if you don't already own some. You will need to either pay cash for the land, get a land loan from a bank, buy land from the seller with owner financing, or find a seller willing to wait for you to get house plans a building permit and a realtor willing to wait months for their commission (highly unlikely). Buying the land with a land loan first allows you to take the land off the market so others cannot buy it before you do. It also allows you plenty of time to pick out house plans, submit the plans to the county for approval and obtain a building permit all while obtaining the best construction loan. Construction loans can include the land into the construction loan only if you already own the land with a land balance to add into the construction loan.

2.Select a Home Building Project Plan to determine the necessary steps to complete the building process. Though it may need to be customized to your particular state or county, this should assist you greatly.

3.Pick out a house plan or hire an architect. There are some great house plan resources on the internet. Just go to Google and type in "house plans" or "architect" for your local area and you will have more sources than you can handle. Once you pick out a house plan that fits your needs and expected budget, simply buy a few sets and start getting estimated bids from builders.

4.There are many builders that offer pre-engineered floor plans and house elevations for their neighborhoods ready to build. If you are looking to build in a development, check with the development's sales office for details.

5.Decide whether to hire a builder or be an owner-builder. The goal of being an owner builder is mainly to save money. Some people can save quite a bit of money if done correctly. However, some people are not meant to be owner-builders, as it takes a strong personality to manage contractors. Possible problems when acting as owner builder:

a.Construction cost overruns

b.The best banks with the best rates require a builder or supervisor

c.Managing contractors to finish on time or to show up for work

e.Depleting your personal savings

f.The need to borrow more money

g.Loan extension penalties

H.Being taken by unscrupulous contractors

I.The need to refinance your construction loan

Foreclosure

6.If you have never built a home before and absolutely need to act as owner-builder, hire a reputable builder to supervise you and the building of your new home, for a much smaller fee than their normal fee. The builder/supervisor will help you with the cost breakdown and manage the subcontracting on an as needed basis. If one of your contractors gets out of hand or you need help of any kind, you can call the supervisor for assistance.

7.If you decide on hiring a builder to do everything, make sure you hire a reputable builder or supervisor with a good reputation and plenty of references. Ask your friends if they know of good builders, and when you start to hear the same name over and over you know you've found a good one. Ask the building inspector for a list of reputable builders. The most important point is shop around until you find a builder with the most reputable and honest background.

8.Know what goes into the Estimated Cost Breakdown of your home. This is the breakdown of each particular cost of construction of the home. The foundation, lumber, framing, plumbing, heating, electrical, painting, and builder's profit, etc. The builder usually completes this form to show you exactly what it will cost to build your new home. The most important thing to remember here is that you do not want to underbid any line item and you do not want to overbid any line item. You want accurate numbers from real bids (not guesses) and a 5% contingency for cost overruns

Good builders will send out the house plans to their contractors for specific bidding on each main item or can estimate the home themselves. The builder will send one set of plans to the foundation contractor, one set of plans to the framer, one set of plans to the plumber, etc, etc. When all the numbers come in, the builder will fill out the cost breakdown and come up with a total cost to build your new home.

9.Some builders offer Turn-Key pricing that give you all of the building costs up front with a guaranteed delivery date. Be certain to check in on the progress of these builders to be sure you are getting quality work with few corner-cutting measures.

a.Bad builders will use the WAG method of estimating the cost of building your new home. The WAG method stands for "Wild Ass Guesses". This method is the most dangerous since it can lead to under and over bidding.

b.The last method of bidding is simply to over inflate every single line item on the cost breakdown. This is the most profitable method for the builder and the most expensive to the customer. This is why you want to find an honest, reputable builder with a good reputation in your community. Once the cost breakdown is completed and you plan on hiring this builder to build you new home you will need to type up a contract. The contract needs to equal the added total of the cost breakdown.

10.Read the contract carefully.' There are two types of contracts:

a.Fixed Contract: This contract is simple and straightforward. Take the total of the cost breakdown and put that fixed number into the contract. The builder will provide a list of responsibilities.

b.Cost plus Contract. This type of contract is usually for large construction loan projects. The customer wants to make a lot of changes to their home as it's being built. The construction loan period to build the home is 18 months so construction costs can change drastically. The builder prefers this contract to protect the costs and profits.

11.Know how your builder gets paid. There are two methods that banks use to make sure your builder gets paid while building your home.

a.The Voucher Reimbursement system has been around for quite a while. As usual, you'll have some builders that are very familiar with this method of payment and do not like change. Most banks find that the voucher system is simply too much paperwork to deal with anymore. The builder is given a big book of vouchers that looks like a checkbook and when they want to get paid or need to pay a contractor they need to fill out a voucher form. This voucher form is a request for payment and as long as the contractor has signed the lien release, the bank will pay the amount requested. The bank will also request an inspection throughout the construction loan to make sure that the work is completed.

b.The Draw Reimbursement system is becoming the standard for construction loan funding for most banks. The main difference is that the bank puts the accounting responsibility on you or your contractor. The bank uses your cost breakdown as the guide for the draws. Some banks use specific schedules of 4 to 7 draws based on completed construction milestones, such as foundation or framing. The draw systems also allow the choice of taking draws on a monthly basis, collecting partial payment for work and material items that have been completed.

12.Get construction insurance. There are three types of insurance needed to build. All banks require the first two insurances, course of construction and general liability. Workman's compensation is only required if your builder has employees.

a.Course of Construction Insurance. This policy is an all risk policy to include, fire, extended coverage, builder's risk, replacement cost, vandalism and malicious mischief insurance coverage.

b.General Liability Insurance. You or your builder can provide this policy. This policy is a comprehensive general policy or a broad form liability endorsement. The minimum amount of $300,000 for each occurrence is required. If the builder provides the insurance a general policy of $1,000,000 or a broad form liability endorsement is required.

c.Workman's Compensation Insurance. If your builder owns his own company and has employees that are helping to build your home, workman's compensation is required. If the builder simply subcontracts out the work and does not have employees per se, they will need to write a letter acknowledging that they do not have employees and are not required to have WCI.

d.If your builder tells you he is not required to provide any insurance whatsoever, he is most likely correct because it is not a law to have insurance to build a house. This requirement is set forth by the bank. So make sure you hire a reputable builder with insurance, it will help your construction loan close much faster. Ask your builder upfront if they have general liability insurance. If they do not ask if they have a problem providing the insurance. Some builder's cannot afford or simply do not want to pay for the insurance and then guess who has to provide it, yes, you do. You can save yourself a lot of headaches and money if you work with a builder that has insurance.

贴主:无情人于2016_11_21 3:23:35编辑