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U.S. Fertility Rate Falls to Record Low
美国2023年的总生育率降至每名妇女生育1.62 个孩子，这是自20世纪30年代美国政府开始追踪生育率以来的最低水平。
2023年美国约有359万名儿童出生，与2022年的366万相比下降了2%。 American women are giving birth at record-low rates. 6park.com
美国女性的生育率创历史新低。 6park.com
周四公布的联邦数据显示，2023年的总生育率降至每名妇女生育1.62个孩子，同比下降2%。这是自20世纪30年代美国政府开始追踪生育率以来的最低水平。 6park.comThe total fertility rate fell to 1.62 births per woman in 2023, a 2% decline from a year earlier, federal data released Thursday showed. It is the lowest rate recorded since the government began tracking it in the 1930s. 6park.com
这一下降反映了一个持续的趋势，即经济和社会挑战促使一些美国女性放弃或推迟生育。这是由多种因素共同作用的结果。美国女性生育孩子的数量减少，而且生育时间也推后。女性正在追求充实的职业生涯，并有更多避孕手段。 6park.comThe decline reflects a continuing trend as American women navigate economic and social challenges that have prompted some to forgo or delay having children. A confluence of factors are at play. American women are having fewer children, later in life. Women are establishing fulfilling careers and have more access to contraception. 6park.com
与此同时，年轻人对自己的未来也更加不确定，他们将更多的收入用于购房、偿还学生债务和照顾子女。由于生育能力下降等原因，一些推迟生育的女性可能会比不推迟的女性生育更少的孩子。 6park.comAt the same time, young people are also more uncertain about their futures and spending more of their income on homeownership, student debt and child care. Some women who wait to have children might have fewer than they would have otherwise for reasons including declining fertility. 6park.com
北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)卡罗来纳人口研究中心(Carolina Population Center)负责人Benjamin Guzzo说：“人们正在就是否要孩子做出相当理性的决定。”“我认为，更多情况下，他们做出的决定是‘是的，我想要孩子，但现在还不是时候’。” 6park.com“People are making rather reasoned decisions about whether or not to have a child at all,” said Karen Benjamin Guzzo, director of the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “More often than not, I think what they’re deciding is ‘Yes, I’d like to have children, but not yet.’” 6park.com
总生育率估算的是女性一生中生育的孩子数量。这份美国疾病控制和预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)国家卫生统计中心(National Center for Health Statistics)报告的合着者Brady Hamilton说，这些估计值并没有考虑到女性在若干年后实际做出的决定。 6park.comTotal fertility estimates the number of children a woman would give birth to in her lifetime. The estimates don’t account for what women actually decide in later years, said Brady Hamilton, a co-author of the report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. 6park.com
根据初步数据，去年的出生人数是自1979年以来的最低值。2023年美国约有359万名儿童出生，与2022年的366万相比下降了2%。 6park.comThe number of births last year was the lowest since 1979, according to provisional data. About 3.59 million children were born in the U.S. in 2023, a 2% drop compared with 3.66 million in 2022. 6park.com 6park.com这些数字是临时的，在今年晚些时候公布最终数据时可能会略有调整。 6park.comThe figures are provisional and likely to adjust slightly when final data are released later this year. 6park.com
深入了解美国不断下降的出生数字： 6park.comTake a look inside America’s declining birth numbers:
6park.com 总生育率创历史新低 The total fertility rate peaked during the baby boom after World War II, with a rate of more than three births per woman before falling through the 1960s and 1970s. More recently, the total fertility rate has declined steadily since hitting 2.12 births per woman in 2007, before the financial crisis. 6park.com
总生育率在第二次世界大战后的婴儿潮期间达到顶峰，每名女性生育三个以上的孩子，然后在20世纪60年代和70年代下降。自从在2007年金融危机之前达到每名妇女生育2.12个孩子后，最近几年的总生育率稳步下降。 6park.com
自20世纪70年代以来，美国的生育率总体上一直保持在每名女性生育2.1个子女或以下的水平，这一水平即人口替代率。2023年的生育率为1.62，创下了新低，也是多年下降的结果。 6park.comThe rate in the U.S. has remained generally under or around 2.1 children per woman, or what is known as the “replacement rate,” since the 1970s. A rate of 1.62 in 2023 marks a new low and a sign of years of decline.
6park.com 出生人口持续下降 Births in 2023 were lower than any year since 1979, the data show. U.S. births edged up slightly during and after the Covid pandemic. 6park.com
上述数据显示，2023年的出生数量低于1979年以来的任何一年。在新冠疫情期间和之后，美国的出生数量略有上升。 6park.com
韦尔斯利学院(Wellesley College)经济学教授Phillip Levine说，生育率下降的长期影响可能会影响经济、社会保障等项目以及美国人生活的其他方面。他说：“这有可能在未来很长一段时间内对我们的生活方式产生重大影响。” 6park.comThe long-term effects of lowering rates could shape the economy, programs including Social Security and other facets of American life, said Phillip Levine, an economics professor at Wellesley College. “It has the ability to have a significant impact on the way we live for a long time to come,” he said. 6park.com
该报告作者Hamilton说，大量移民涌入美国可能抵消生育率下降对美国人口数量的影响。近年来，移民人数有所增加，缓解了劳动力短缺问题，扩大了大都市地区的人口规模。 6park.comAn influx of people immigrating to the U.S. could offset the impact of lower birthrates on the U.S. population’s size, said Hamilton, the report author. Immigration has risen in recent years, easing labor shortages and expanding the population of big metropolitan areas.
6park.com 接近40岁的女性的生育率与20岁出头女性的生育率接近 Birthrates declined more for younger women between 2022-2023, according to the provisional data, while those for women in their 40s were unchanged. 6park.com
初步数据显示，2022年至2023年间，较年轻女性的生育率下降幅度更大，而40多岁女性的生育率则保持不变。 6park.com
35岁至39岁的女性生育率与20岁至24岁女性的生育率相近。35岁至39岁女性的生育率降至每千名女性生育54.7个孩子，更接近20岁至24岁女性的生育率，后者在2023年下降了4%，降至每千名女性生育55.4个孩子。 6park.comWomen in their mid-to-late 30s are having children at similar rates to those in their early to mid-20s. Birthrates for women 35-39 fell to 54.7 births per 1,000 women—closer to the rates for women 20-24, which dropped 4% to 55.4 births per 1,000 women in 2023. 6park.com
一些20多岁的女性可能会推迟生育。尽管有体外受精、冷冻卵子和人工授精等生育手段，但晚育的成功受孕几率可能较低，且存在健康风险。 6park.comSome women in their 20s might postpone having children. Despite fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization, egg freezing and artificial insemination, trying to have children later in life can carry lower odds of success and health risks. 6park.com
虽然15-19岁青少年的生育率持续下降，但去年仅下降了3%，低于研究人员在2007年至2022年间记录的年均7%的下降幅度。Hamilton说，目前还不清楚是什么原因导致了这种变化。 6park.comWhile birthrates for teenagers 15-19 continue to decline, they fell just 3% last year—a lower rate than the average 7% annual decline researchers recorded between 2007-2022. It is unclear what might have contributed to the change, Hamilton said. 6park.com 6park.com他说：“会有很多人对出现这种情况的原因感兴趣，也会有很多调查。” 6park.com“There’s going to be a lot of interest and investigation into why we’re seeing this,” he said.
6park.com 种族和族裔群体生育率下降 The general fertility rate dropped 3% to 54.4 births per 1,000 women ages 15-44, with declines across most race and ethnicity groups tracked by the federal government. The fertility rate for Hispanic women, after rising in 2022, fell by 1% to 65 births per 1,000 women. Among non-Hispanic groups, fertility rates for American Indian and Alaska Native and Black women fell by 5% and by 3% for Asian and white women.
总体生育率下降了3%，降至每千名15岁至44岁女性生育54.4个孩子，美国联邦政府跟踪的大多数种族和族裔群体的生育率都有所下降。西班牙裔女性的生育率在2022年上升后，又下降了1%，降至每千名女性生育65个新生儿。在非西班牙裔群体中，美国印第安人、阿拉斯加原住民和黑人女性的生育率下降了5%，亚裔和白人女性的生育率下降了3%。 6park.com
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